| Mauritius |
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General elections was held in Mauritius on 15 September 1991.[1] Three main parties gained seats in this election: the Militant Socialist Movement, Mauritian Militant Movement and the Labour Party. The MSM formed an alliance with the MMM and the Labour party formed an alliance with the Mauritian Social Democrat Party (PMSD). On 17 September 1991, results showed that MSM-MMM won 57 seats out of 60 elected seats.[2] This gave 95% of seats to MSM-MMM leader Anerood Jugnauth and 5% to Labour Party-PMSD leader Navin Ramgoolam.
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The main political parties taking part in the elections were the Militant Socialist Movement and Labour Party which were the current government, and the Mauritian Militant Movement which was the current opposition party. Earlier that year, Navin Ramgoolam[3] became the leader of the Labour Party. As a result, the coalition of the MSM-Labour Party broke because Ramgoolam demanded that the deal between the parties should be reviewed. He then demanded to the leader of the MSM party, Anerood Jugnauth, that he should be allowed to hold the office of Prime Minister for half of the term (2.5 years). The rest would then be led by the second leader. However, Jugnauth did not want to step down in front of Ramgoolam. As a result, the party coalition broke in February 1991 and Navin Ramgoolam announced that his party will be going alone for government elections that year in September .
Jugnauth initiated the idea of joining hands with the other major leader Paul Bérenger before the elections. Jugnauth, who was the leader of the Mauritian Militant Movement(MMM) between 1976 to 1983 before the formation of the Militant Socialist Movement(MSM), teamed up with former colleague, leading to the MSM forming an alliance with the MMM.
It was decided that MSM leader Anerood Jugnauth would remain Prime Minister for the full term of 5 years and MMM leader Paul Bérenger would become a Minister. Berenger later became Minister of External Affairs.[4]
It was the first time that the MMM and the MSM joined hands together after the famous break up of the two leaders. Notably, before Jugnauth became the leader of the MSM, he was member & leader of MMM while Berenger was President of MMM.They were both in same party and had won the famous 60-0 elections of 1982 with the leader of the PSM party, Harish Boodhoo. However, the team broke up in 1983 and Jugnauth was voted out of the party by all members of the MMM. With the formation of the MSM in 1983, Anerood Jugnauth became member & leader the same year. He joined hands with the previous Mauritian Labour Party leader, Sir Satcam Boolel, and ousted the MMM party out of government thus making Paul Bérenger become the leader of the Opposition.
With the continuous reign of Jugnauth of 10 years, after 3 mandates many members were worried. Jugnauth was seen to be unbeatable until then and no one was allowed to hold the office of Prime Minister in any kind of coalition. Sir Anerood always insisted that his coalitions would be led by him only.
Many members of the MSM left the party during the term and went to the Mauritian Labour Party in hope of political freedom. Rama Sithanen, Sheila Bappoo and Daram Gockool were members that did this and became ministers of the government led by Navin Ramgoolam and due to this, Jugnauth was under pressure to held general elections in 1995 instead of 1996.
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constituency | Best-loser | Total | ||||
| MSM-MMM-MTD | 944,521 | 55.4 | 57 | 0 | 57 | |
| Labour Party-MSDP | 670,631 | 39.3 | 5 | 4 | 9 | |
| Rodrigues People's Organisation | 16,080 | 0.9 | ||||
| Socialist Workers' Front | 12,162 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Rodrigues People's Grouping | 11,646 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Liberal Action Party | 6,053 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mauritian People's Party | 5,696 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Militant Workers Party | 2,137 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Socialist Movement of the South | 686 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Communist Party of Mauritius | 358 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mauritius Party Rights | 243 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tamil Fraternity of Mauritius | 191 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mauritius United Party | 160 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| People's Democratic Party | 121 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 30,005 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 1,706,240 | 100 | 62 | 4 | 66 | |
| Source: Nohlen et al, EISA | ||||||
| Constituency | Elected MPs | Party Alliance | Religion! |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LACLÉ, Mathieu Ange BOULLE Edouard JérômeLARIDON ARMANCE, Georges Alain |
MSM-MMM | Christians |
| 2 | JEEWAH, Ahmad Sulliman ASGARALLY Abdool Azize LEE CHEONG LEM, Noe Ah-Qwet |
MSM-MMM | Muslim Chinese |
| 3 | Cassam Uteem GENDOO, Osman KHODABUX, Bashir Ahmud |
MSM-MMM | Muslim |
| 4 | BRIZMOHUN, Parmanund ARUNASALOM, José GENEVIEVE, Claude Raymond |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Christian |
| 5 | Navin Ramgoolam JHURRY, Jyaneshwur KOONJOO, Premdut |
Labor Party-MSDP MSM-MMM MSM/MSM |
Hindu |
| 6 | FOKEER, Dharmanand Goopt, DULLOO, Madan Murlidhar PARSURAMAN Armoorgum |
MSM-MMM | Hindu |
| 7 | Sir Anerood Jugnauth GUNGAH, Dwarkanath UTCHANAH, Mahyendrah |
MSM-MMM | Hindu |
| 8 | Ashok Jugnauth MOUTIA, Sutyadeo PYNEEANDEE, Retnon |
MSM-MMM | Hindu |
| 9 | BACHOO, Anil Kumar GUTTEE, Rajnarain NEEWOOR, Roodrashen |
MSM-MMM | Hindu |
| 10 | JADDOO, Ramduthsing GOBURDHUN, Jagdishwar PEERUN, Mohammud Zeelannee |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Hindu Muslim |
| 11 | BOOLELL, Arvin DAYAL, Bharat Bhusan, LALLAH, Subhas Chandra |
Labor Party-MSDP MSM-MMM |
Hindu |
| 12 | BUNWAREE, Dr. Vasant Kumar COLLENDAVELLOO, Ivan Leslie CHOONEE, Mookhesswur |
Labor Party-MSDP MSM-MMM |
Hindu Christian Hindu |
| 13 | AUMEER, Hurreeprem NABABSING, Paramhamsa KASENALLY Ahmud |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Muslim |
| 14 | GANOO, Alan COMARMOND, Claude Francis Germain PHOKEER, Sooroojdev |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Christian Hindu |
| 15 | OBEEGADOO, Louis Steven SEETARAM, Iswurdeo SOODHUN, Showkutally |
MSM-MMM | Christian Hindu Muslim |
| 16 | BAPPOO, Sheilabai GOKHOOL, Dharambeer Karl Offmann |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Hindu Christian |
| 17 | DARGA, Louis Amédée SAUZIER, Philippe Epaminondas Gaston Maxime TEELOCK, Sanjit Kumar |
MSM-MMM | Christian Hindu |
| 18 | RUHEE, Keertee Coomar Rama Sithanen GLOVER, Michael James Kevin |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Christian |
| 19 | CUTTAREE, Jaya Krishna DE LESTRAC, Jean Claude Gervais Raoul Paul Bérenger |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Christian |
| 20 | BHAGWAN, Rajesh Anand MINERVE, Marie Therèse Joceline FINETTE, Jean Régis |
MSM-MMM | Hindu Christian |
| Source: Government of Mauritius | |||
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